BJU Circumcision Supplement

BJU International
British Journal of Urology
Volume 83
Supplement 1
January 1999

www.blackwell-science.com/bju

Hugh Whitfield, Editor


113 pages. Numerous drawings and photographs, some in color.

Single copy: $38 to U.S. by air.

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CONTENTS


Editorial -- H. N. Whitefield, J. D. Frank, G. Williams and J. A. Vale, Editors

The history of circumcision -- W. D. Dunsmuir and E. M. Gordon

Introduction
The origin
From ancient to mediaeval times
The early 19th century
Mid-19th to 20th century
Surgical technique
Alternative procedures
Understanding the prepuce
The controversies
Conclusion
References [71]


Religious circumcision: a Muslim view -- S. A. H. Rizvi, S. A. A. Naqvi, M. Hussain and A. S. Hasan

Male circumcision
Female circumcision
Age at circumcision
Who performs circumcision?
Complications of circumcision
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References [18]


Religious circumcision: a Jewish view -- J. M. Glass

Introduction
Why is circumcision performed?
The laws of circumcision
The procedure
The training of mohelim
Complications of neonatal circumcision
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References [17]


Jewish circumcision: an alternative perspective -- J. Goodman

Introduction
Reasons for questioning religious circumcision
       Pain and trauma
       Complications
       Lack of presumed medical benefits
       Effects on the mother
       Ethical implications
Textual support for change within Judaism
Difficulties of questioning circumcision in the Jewish community
Religious circumcision and Jewish identity
Conclusion: Possibilities for cultural change
References [34]


Male circumcision: a Korean perspective -- D. Kim, J. Y. Less and M. G. Pang

Introduction
Circumcision rates with age
Age at circumcision and the origin of Korean circumcision
Reasons for remaining uncircumcised: the uniquely Korean concept
            of 'naturally circumcised'
Reasons for being circumcised
What the interviewee knew or did not know
Previous studies on Korean circumcision
Information from Korean doctors
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References [14]
Appendix I


The prepuce -- C. J. Cold and J. Taylor

Introduction
Overview
Embryology
Innervation of the prepuce
Mucosal epithelium (inner plate of the prepuce)
Lamina propria in preputial mucosa
Dartos muscle
Dermis of the prepuce
Outer epithelium (glabrous skin of the prepuce)
The preputial sac
Immunological aspects of the prepuce
Preputial coverage of the glans
Sexual function
The effect of circumcision on penile anatomy
Discussion
Acknowledgements
References [104]


Medical indications for circumcision [Listed on contents page as Indications for paediatric circumcision] -- A. M. K. Rickwood

Introduction
Circumcision for immediate medical indications
       Development of the prepuce
Non-retractile foreskin ('physiological phimosis') and preputial adhesions
       Phimosis
       Acute balanoposthitis
       Ammonia dermatitis
       Preputial cysts
       Redundant foreskin
       Penile lymphoedema
       Urinary infection
Alternatives to circumcision
       Topical steriods
       Preputioplasty
Boyhood circumcision: current practice
Circumcision of adult males
References [27]


Does circumcision influence sexually transmitted diseases?: a literature view -- R. A. Van Howe

Introduction
Methods
       Methodological differences
       Study type
       Circumcision status
The history of the role of circumcision in STDs
       Literature review
       Normal microbial flora
       Acid-fast bacilli
       Mycoplasma
       Trichomoniasis
       Yeast
       Genital ulcer disease vs urethritis
       Urethritis
       Gonorrhoea
       Non-gonoccal urethritis
       Genital ulcer disease
       Syphilis
       Chancroid
       Herpes simplex
       Hepatitis
       STD prevalence
       HIV
Hill's criteria
Discussion
References [104]


Involuntary circumcision: the legal issues -- R. S. Van Howe. J. S. Svoboda, J. G. Dwyer and C. P. Price

Introduction
Bodily integrity and informed consent
United States case law
United Kingdom
International Law
Can involuntary circumcision be lawful?
       'Neonatalcircumcision is not child abuse because
             parental consent is given'
       'Neonatal circumcision is not child abuse because
             it has medical benefits'
       'Neonatal circumcision is not child abuse because
             it constitutes only "minor surgery"'
       'Neonatal circumcision is not child abuse where it is
             performed pursuant to a religious requirement'
       'Neonatal circumcision is not child abuse because
             it has cultural benefits'
      'Neonatal circumcision is not child abuse because
              it is not as damaging as female circumcison'
       'Neonatal circumcision is not child abuse because
              it has never been prosecuted as such'
Discussion
Conclusion
References [148]


A child's right to circumcision -- M. Freeman

Introduction
English law and male circumcision
Circumcision: a child's right
References [55]

"That there is necessarily an interference with bodily integrity does not mean that the child's right to bodily integrity is thereby infringed. Parents are only doing to their children what the overwhelming preponderance of them would wish done were they able to express a view. The ritual removal of a child's foreskin enhances that child's bodily integrity."


The effect of male circumcision on the sexual enjoyment of the female partner -- K. O'Hara and J. O'Hara

Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References [22]
Appendix 1
Set 1
Set 2
Set 3


A preliminary poll of men circumcised in infancy and childhood -- T. Hammond

Introduction
Assessing men's knowledge of genital anatomy and function
Documenting the consequences of circumcision
Findings of the preliminary poll
       Physical consequences
       Sexual consequences
       Psychological consequences
       Foreskin restoration
       'Men's voices'
       Fringe or vanguard?
The dynamics of power and control
The genital-integrity movement
Conclusion: planning for change
References [53]
Appendix 1


The psychological impact of circumcision -- R. Goldman

Introduction
Infant pain and behavioral response to circumcision
The parents' responses
Circumcision as trauma
Long-term psychological effects
The motivation to circumcise
Religious circumcision
Conclusion
References [104]


Female circumcision: the peril remains -- U. Elchalal, B. Ben-Ami and A. Brzezinski

Historical background
Geographical distribution and demographic variables
Definition and classification of FGM
Traditions and rituals of FGM
Medical complications
Surgical treatment victims of FGM
Sexual complications of FGM
Legislation
References [49]


Surgical methods of restoring the prepuce: a critical view -- S. B. Brandes and J. W. McAninch

Introduction
Uncircumcision in antiquity
       Judeum Pondum
       Celsus' operations
       Decircumcision
       Reconstruction of the prepuce
Prepuce restoration during the Nazi era
Other methods of preputial restoration
References [10]